Lemon balm, scientifically known as Melissa officinalis, is a perennial herb from the mint family Lamiaceae. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia but is now cultivated in various parts of the world due to its versatility and numerous health benefits. The plant has a distinct lemon scent, which is where it gets its common name. The leaves are wrinkled, heart-shaped, and emit a strong lemony fragrance, making it a popular choice for culinary and medicinal purposes.

Historically, lemon balm has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. It was prized by ancient Greeks and Romans for its soothing properties. Medieval European herbalists also favored lemon balm for its calming effects and often used it in tonics to lift spirits and treat various ailments. The herb was commonly grown in monastery gardens for its diverse uses, from flavoring food to making herbal remedies.

In contemporary times, lemon balm continues to be revered for its potential health benefits. It is often incorporated into teas, tinctures, capsules, and essential oils. The herb is frequently used to promote relaxation, alleviate stress, and improve sleep quality. Additionally, it is used in some skincare products for its soothing properties. The scientific community has shown growing interest in lemon balm, with numerous studies investigating its effects on mood, cognition, and overall well-being.

Lemon balm is widely used for its calming and mood-enhancing properties. Traditionally, it has been employed to alleviate stress, promote relaxation, and improve sleep quality. Modern research supports these uses, indicating that lemon balm can indeed help reduce anxiety and foster a sense of calm. For instance, a study published in "Psychosomatic Medicine" demonstrated that a 600 mg dose of lemon balm significantly increased self-ratings of calmness while reducing alertness in a controlled setting (Kennedy et al., 2004).

Beyond its calming effects, lemon balm is also used to enhance cognitive function, especially under stressful conditions. Some studies suggest that it can improve memory and attention. For example, research published in "Neuropsychopharmacology" found that single doses of lemon balm (ranging from 600 to 1600 mg) enhanced memory performance and increased calmness at higher doses (Kennedy et al., 2003). However, it's important to note that the cognitive benefits of lemon balm are more pronounced in stressed individuals, while in non-stressed individuals, it may act primarily as a sedative.

Lemon balm has also shown promise in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression. A systematic review and meta-analysis published in "Phytotherapy Research" highlighted that lemon balm significantly improved anxiety and depression scores in clinical trials without serious side effects (Ghazizadeh et al., 2021). This makes lemon balm a potentially valuable adjunctive therapy for individuals looking to manage mild anxiety and depressive symptoms naturally.

In women's health, lemon balm is used to manage premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and menstrual-related discomforts. A study published in the "Journal of Herbal Medicine" found that lemon balm significantly reduced the severity of PMS symptoms and improved quality of life among female students (Mirghafourvand et al., 2016). Additionally, lemon balm combined with valerian has been studied for its potential to alleviate sleep disorders during menopause, with positive results showing reduced sleep disturbances (Taavoni et al., 2013).

Overall, the body of research supports the traditional uses of lemon balm, particularly its calming, mood-enhancing, and cognitive benefits. However, more high-quality, large-scale studies are needed to fully establish its efficacy across various applications.

Lemon balm exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms of action, primarily involving its interaction with the central nervous system. One of the key constituents of lemon balm is rosmarinic acid, which has been shown to possess various neuroprotective and anxiolytic properties. This compound is believed to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase, an enzyme that breaks down GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. By inhibiting GABA transaminase, rosmarinic acid helps increase GABA levels in the brain, promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety (Awad et al., 2009).

Additionally, lemon balm contains other active compounds like flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils (including citronellal, geranial, and neral), which contribute to its therapeutic effects. These compounds have been shown to bind to GABA receptors, enhancing the calming effects of GABA (Kennedy et al., 2003). This interaction with the GABAergic system is one of the primary reasons lemon balm is effective in promoting relaxation, reducing anxiety, and improving sleep quality.

Lemon balm also appears to have cholinergic activity, which can positively impact cognitive function. Studies have demonstrated that lemon balm can bind to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the brain, which are involved in memory and learning processes (Kennedy et al., 2003). By modulating these receptors, lemon balm may help improve attention and memory, particularly under stressful conditions.

Furthermore, lemon balm exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to its overall health benefits. These properties help protect brain cells from oxidative stress and inflammation, which are linked to cognitive decline and mood disorders. For instance, a study published in the "Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research" highlighted the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of different lemon balm extracts, which could aid in preventing inflammatory and oxidative stress-related conditions (Draginic et al., 2022).

Overall, the multifaceted mechanisms of action of lemon balm, including its modulation of the GABAergic and cholinergic systems, as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, contribute to its calming, cognitive-enhancing, and mood-improving effects.

Lemon balm is utilized in both men’s and women’s health to address a variety of issues, but its applications can differ based on specific gender-related health concerns. While both men and women can benefit from lemon balm’s calming effects, cognitive enhancement, and mood improvement, certain health conditions unique to each gender may influence its use.

In women’s health, lemon balm is particularly noted for its role in managing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and menstrual discomfort. Research has shown that lemon balm can significantly reduce the severity of PMS symptoms, such as mood swings, irritability, and cramps. A study published in the "Journal of Herbal Medicine" found that lemon balm improved both physical and psychological symptoms of PMS among female students (Mirghafourvand et al., 2016). Additionally, lemon balm combined with other herbs like Nepeta menthoides has been explored for its potential to alleviate menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea, although results have been mixed, and further research is needed (Mirghafourvand et al., 2016).

For menopausal women, lemon balm may help alleviate sleep disturbances and anxiety. Menopause often brings about sleep issues and mood changes due to hormonal fluctuations. Studies have indicated that a combination of lemon balm and valerian can improve sleep quality and reduce sleep disorders in menopausal women. For instance, a study published in "Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice" showed that this herbal combination significantly reduced sleep disturbances in menopausal women (Taavoni et al., 2013).

In men’s health, lemon balm may be used to manage stress and anxiety, which can impact overall well-being and cognitive function. While there is less gender-specific research on lemon balm’s effects in men, the general benefits of reduced stress and improved cognitive function are applicable. Men experiencing high levels of stress or cognitive fatigue may find lemon balm helpful in promoting relaxation and mental clarity. Additionally, lemon balm’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties can support overall health, particularly in reducing oxidative stress that can affect various bodily systems.

Both men and women can benefit from lemon balm’s digestive health properties, as it has been traditionally used to alleviate indigestion, bloating, and colic. Its antispasmodic effects can help soothe the digestive tract, making it a useful remedy for common gastrointestinal issues.

In summary, while lemon balm offers general health benefits for both men and women, its applications in women’s health are more extensively studied, particularly in relation to PMS, menstrual discomfort, and menopause-related sleep disturbances. Men, on the other hand, can benefit from its stress-reducing and cognitive-enhancing properties, although more gender-specific research would help further elucidate its broader applications.

The appropriate dosage of lemon balm can vary depending on the form it is taken and the specific health condition being addressed. It’s essential to consider the form—whether it's a tea, capsule, tincture, or essential oil—as well as the concentration of active compounds in the product.

For general calming effects and mild anxiety relief, a common dosage is around 300 to 600 mg of lemon balm extract taken up to three times daily. This dosage has been supported by research published in "Psychosomatic Medicine," where a 600 mg dose significantly increased calmness and reduced alertness (Kennedy et al., 2004). Similarly, a study in "Neuropsychopharmacology" found that single doses of 600 to 1600 mg improved mood and cognitive performance, particularly at the higher end of the dosage range (Kennedy et al., 2003).

When it comes to using lemon balm for sleep enhancement, particularly in combination with other herbs like valerian, doses may vary. For instance, a study on menopausal women experiencing sleep disturbances used a combination of valerian and lemon balm, with participants taking 160 mg of valerian and 80 mg of lemon balm twice daily (Taavoni et al., 2013). This combination was effective in improving sleep quality, indicating that even lower doses can be beneficial when combined with other calming herbs.

For digestive issues, lemon balm tea is a popular choice. A typical preparation involves steeping 1.5 to 4.5 grams of dried lemon balm leaves in hot water for about 10 to 15 minutes. Drinking this tea up to three times a day can help alleviate symptoms like indigestion, bloating, and colic. The soothing properties of the tea can also contribute to overall relaxation.

In the case of essential oils, lemon balm should be used with caution and diluted properly to avoid skin irritation. For topical applications, such as in aromatherapy or massage, a few drops of lemon balm essential oil can be diluted in a carrier oil like coconut or almond oil. This can be applied to the skin or used in a diffuser to help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.

It's important to note that while these dosages are supported by research, individual responses can vary. Factors such as age, weight, and overall health can influence the appropriate dosage. Therefore, it is always recommended to start with a lower dose and gradually increase it as needed while monitoring for any adverse effects. Consulting with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen is also advisable to ensure safety and efficacy.

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is generally considered safe for most people when used appropriately. However, like any supplement or herbal remedy, it can cause side effects in some individuals. The side effects of lemon balm are typically mild and may include digestive issues, allergic reactions, and interactions with other substances.

One of the most commonly reported side effects of lemon balm is gastrointestinal discomfort. This can manifest as nausea, abdominal pain, or indigestion, especially when taken in large doses or on an empty stomach. To mitigate this, it's advisable to take lemon balm with food or to start with a lower dose and gradually increase it.

Allergic reactions are another potential side effect, although they are relatively rare. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to lemon balm can include itching, rash, or difficulty breathing. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is crucial to discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention. People with known allergies to plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae), such as basil, mint, or sage, should exercise caution when using lemon balm.

Lemon balm may also have sedative effects, which can be beneficial for those seeking to reduce anxiety or improve sleep but may be undesirable for others. These sedative properties can cause drowsiness or lethargy, particularly if taken in large amounts. It's important to avoid activities that require full alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, until you know how lemon balm affects you.

Another consideration is the potential for lemon balm to interact with other medications. Lemon balm can enhance the effects of sedatives, such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates, potentially leading to excessive drowsiness. It may also interact with thyroid medications, as some studies suggest that lemon balm can inhibit the action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This interaction could be particularly relevant for individuals with thyroid disorders, so consulting a healthcare provider before using lemon balm is recommended.

Lastly, while lemon balm is generally safe for short-term use, the long-term safety of its use has not been extensively studied. Therefore, it is advisable to use lemon balm for specific periods and take breaks to avoid any potential long-term side effects.

In summary, while lemon balm is typically safe and well-tolerated, it can cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort, allergic reactions, and drowsiness. It may also interact with certain medications, particularly sedatives and thyroid medications. As always, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating lemon balm into your wellness routine, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

While lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is generally considered safe for most people, certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid its use altogether due to potential health risks or interactions with medications. Here are some groups of people who should not take lemon balm without consulting a healthcare provider:

1. Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: There is limited research on the safety of lemon balm during pregnancy and breastfeeding. As a precaution, it is advisable for pregnant and breastfeeding women to avoid using lemon balm unless recommended by a healthcare professional. The potential effects on the developing fetus or nursing infant are not well understood, and it's best to err on the side of caution.
2. Individuals with Thyroid Disorders: Lemon balm has been shown to interfere with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and may inhibit the action of thyroid hormones. For individuals with thyroid conditions, such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, using lemon balm could potentially worsen their condition or interfere with thyroid medications. A study published in "Phytomedicine" noted that lemon balm could inhibit the binding of TSH to its receptors, thereby affecting thyroid function (Auf'mkolk et al., 1985). If you have a thyroid disorder, it's essential to consult with your healthcare provider before using lemon balm.
3. People Taking Sedatives or CNS Depressants: Lemon balm has sedative properties and can enhance the effects of other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and certain sleep medications. This combination could lead to excessive drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired motor functions. If you are taking any sedative medications, it's crucial to discuss the use of lemon balm with your healthcare provider to avoid potential interactions and side effects.
4. Individuals with Allergies to Plants in the Mint Family: Lemon balm belongs to the Lamiaceae family, which includes other herbs like mint, basil, rosemary, and sage. If you have known allergies to any of these plants, you may be at risk of an allergic reaction to lemon balm. Symptoms of an allergic reaction can include itching, rash, hives, or difficulty breathing. If you experience any of these symptoms, discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention.
5. People Undergoing Surgery: Due to its sedative effects, lemon balm may interact with anesthesia and other medications used during surgery. It is recommended to stop using lemon balm at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery to avoid complications related to sedation and anesthesia.
6. Children: While lemon balm is sometimes used in pediatric formulations for its calming effects, it's important to use it under the guidance of a healthcare provider. The appropriate dosage and potential side effects can vary significantly for children compared to adults.

In conclusion, while lemon balm is generally safe for most people, pregnant and breastfeeding women, individuals with thyroid disorders, those taking sedative medications, people with allergies to mint family plants, and those undergoing surgery should avoid its use unless advised otherwise by a healthcare professional. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Yes, lemon balm supplements are known to interact with certain medications. While lemon balm is generally considered safe, its pharmacological properties can lead to interactions that may either enhance or diminish the effects of various medications. Here are some key interactions to be aware of:

1. Sedatives and CNS Depressants: Lemon balm has sedative properties, which can amplify the effects of other central nervous system (CNS) depressants. This includes medications such as benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam), barbiturates, and sleep aids like zolpidem. Combining lemon balm with these medications can result in excessive drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired cognitive and motor functions. A study published in "Psychosomatic Medicine" highlighted the sedative effects of lemon balm, which could potentiate the effects of other sedative drugs (Kennedy et al., 2004).
2. Thyroid Medications: Lemon balm may interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and potentially affecting the uptake of thyroid hormones. This interaction is particularly relevant for individuals taking thyroid medications, such as levothyroxine. A study published in "Phytomedicine" found that lemon balm could inhibit the binding of TSH to its receptors, suggesting potential interference with thyroid hormone regulation (Auf'mkolk et al., 1985). People with thyroid disorders or those on thyroid medications should consult their healthcare provider before using lemon balm.
3. Antiretroviral Medications: There is some evidence suggesting that lemon balm may interfere with the effectiveness of antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV. While the exact mechanism is not fully understood, it is speculated that the herb's compounds may affect the metabolism and efficacy of these drugs. Patients on antiretroviral therapy should seek medical advice before using lemon balm supplements.
4. Medications Metabolized by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Lemon balm contains compounds that can influence the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are responsible for the metabolism of many drugs. This interaction can either enhance or decrease the metabolism of medications, potentially leading to altered drug levels in the body. Drugs metabolized by these enzymes include certain antidepressants, anticoagulants, and statins. If you are taking medications that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, it's important to discuss the use of lemon balm with your healthcare provider.
5. Antidiabetic Medications: Lemon balm has been shown to have hypoglycemic effects, which can lower blood sugar levels. For individuals taking antidiabetic medications, such as insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, combining these with lemon balm could result in excessively low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). Monitoring blood sugar levels closely and consulting with a healthcare provider is advisable for those on antidiabetic medications.
6. Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Drugs: Although not extensively studied, there is a potential for lemon balm to affect blood clotting. Combining lemon balm with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, such as warfarin or aspirin, could influence the effectiveness of these medications and increase the risk of bleeding. Patients on blood-thinning medications should consult their healthcare provider before using lemon balm.

In summary, while lemon balm is generally safe, it can interact with sedatives, thyroid medications, antiretrovirals, drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, antidiabetic medications, and anticoagulants. It's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before starting lemon balm supplements, especially if you are taking any of these medications, to ensure safety and avoid potential adverse interactions.

When seeking the best sources of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), it's important to consider the form in which it is available, the quality of the product, and the reputation of the manufacturer. Here are some of the best sources of lemon balm and what to look for to ensure you are getting a high-quality product:

1. Dried Leaves: Dried lemon balm leaves are commonly used to make tea. When purchasing dried leaves, look for products that are organic and free from pesticides and other chemicals. The leaves should be fragrant, indicating freshness, and stored in airtight containers to preserve their potency. Reputable brands often provide information about their sourcing and quality control practices, which can be a good indicator of product quality.
2. Lemon Balm Tea: Pre-packaged lemon balm tea bags are convenient and widely available. Look for organic options to avoid exposure to pesticides. Brands that specialize in herbal teas or have a good reputation for quality herbal products are often a reliable choice. Ensure the packaging is sealed and check for any certifications, such as USDA Organic or Non-GMO Project Verified.
3. Capsules and Tablets: Lemon balm supplements in the form of capsules or tablets are popular for their ease of use and precise dosing. When choosing these supplements, look for products that are standardized to contain a specific percentage of active compounds, such as rosmarinic acid. This standardization ensures consistency in potency and efficacy. Reputable brands will also provide third-party testing results to verify the purity and potency of their products. Brands like Nature's Way, Gaia Herbs, and NOW Foods are known for their quality herbal supplements.
4. Tinctures and Liquid Extracts: Tinctures and liquid extracts of lemon balm offer a concentrated form of the herb and are usually taken by adding a few drops to water or juice. Look for tinctures that use organic lemon balm and are alcohol-free if you prefer to avoid alcohol. Glycerin-based tinctures are a good alternative. High-quality tinctures will often be labeled with the ratio of herb to solvent and will indicate whether the product is standardized. Herb Pharm and Gaia Herbs are well-regarded brands that offer high-quality herbal tinctures.
5. Essential Oils: Lemon balm essential oil is used in aromatherapy and topically for its calming effects. When purchasing essential oils, look for 100% pure, therapeutic-grade oils. Avoid products with synthetic additives or diluents. The essential oil should be sold in dark glass bottles to protect it from light degradation. Brands like Young Living and doTERRA are known for their high-quality essential oils and rigorous testing standards.
6. Fresh Lemon Balm Plants: Growing your own lemon balm is an excellent way to ensure a fresh and organic supply. Lemon balm plants can be purchased from garden centers or online nurseries. Look for healthy, vibrant plants that are free from pests and diseases. Growing lemon balm at home allows you to use fresh leaves for tea, cooking, or making your own herbal remedies.

In summary, the best sources of lemon balm include organic dried leaves, high-quality tea bags, standardized capsules and tablets, organic tinctures and liquid extracts, pure essential oils, and fresh plants. Always choose products from reputable brands that provide transparency about their sourcing, quality control, and third-party testing to ensure you are getting a safe and effective product.

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is a versatile herb that comes in various forms, each suited for different uses and preferences. Here are the most common forms of lemon balm and their typical applications:

1. Dried Leaves: Dried lemon balm leaves are widely used for making herbal teas. The leaves are typically steeped in hot water to extract their calming and aromatic properties. This form is popular for its simplicity and natural preparation. Dried leaves can also be used in potpourri, herbal sachets, and as a culinary herb in cooking and baking.
2. Tea Bags: Pre-packaged lemon balm tea bags offer a convenient option for those who prefer not to handle loose leaves. These tea bags contain dried lemon balm leaves and are easy to use—simply steep in hot water for a soothing cup of tea. Many brands offer organic options to ensure a pesticide-free product.
3. Capsules and Tablets: Lemon balm supplements in the form of capsules and tablets are popular for their ease of use and precise dosing. These supplements often contain standardized extracts to provide consistent levels of active compounds, such as rosmarinic acid. Capsules and tablets are convenient for those looking to incorporate lemon balm into their daily supplement routine without the need for preparation.
4. Tinctures and Liquid Extracts: Tinctures and liquid extracts are concentrated forms of lemon balm, typically made by soaking the herb in alcohol or glycerin to extract its active constituents. These liquid forms are taken by adding a few drops to water, juice, or directly under the tongue. They offer a potent and easily absorbable way to consume lemon balm, making them ideal for individuals seeking quick effects.
5. Essential Oil: Lemon balm essential oil is used primarily in aromatherapy and topical applications. The oil is extracted through steam distillation of the leaves and has a concentrated aroma and therapeutic properties. It can be diffused in an essential oil diffuser, added to bathwater, or mixed with carrier oils for massage. Due to its potency, essential oil should be used with caution and properly diluted before topical application.
6. Fresh Leaves: Fresh lemon balm leaves can be used directly from the plant for various purposes. They are often added to salads, beverages, and culinary dishes for a fresh, lemony flavor. Fresh leaves can also be used to make homemade teas, infusions, and herbal remedies. Growing your own lemon balm plant provides a readily available supply of fresh leaves.
7. Topical Creams and Ointments: Lemon balm is sometimes included in topical creams and ointments for its soothing and antiviral properties. These products are often used to treat cold sores, minor skin irritations, and insect bites. The topical application of lemon balm can provide localized relief and promote skin healing.
8. Powdered Form: Lemon balm powder is made from finely ground dried leaves and can be used as an ingredient in smoothies, capsules, and culinary recipes. This form offers versatility and ease of incorporation into various preparations.

In summary, lemon balm is available in several forms, including dried leaves, tea bags, capsules, tablets, tinctures, liquid extracts, essential oil, fresh leaves, topical creams, and powdered form. Each form offers unique benefits and applications, allowing individuals to choose the most suitable option based on their needs and preferences. Always ensure you are purchasing high-quality products from reputable sources to maximize the benefits of lemon balm.

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) contains several bioactive compounds that contribute to its therapeutic efficacy. These sub-compounds work synergistically to provide the herb's calming, cognitive-enhancing, and antioxidant effects. Here are some of the critical sub-compounds found in lemon balm:

1. Rosmarinic Acid: Rosmarinic acid is one of the most studied compounds in lemon balm and is primarily responsible for its anti-anxiety and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a potent antioxidant that helps protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. Rosmarinic acid inhibits the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase, an enzyme that breaks down GABA, a neurotransmitter responsible for promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety. By increasing GABA levels in the brain, rosmarinic acid contributes to the calming effects of lemon balm (Awad et al., 2009).
2. Caffeic Acid: Caffeic acid is another phenolic compound with antioxidant properties found in lemon balm. It helps neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which can protect brain cells and support cognitive function. Caffeic acid also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, further contributing to the herb's overall health benefits.
3. Essential Oils: Lemon balm contains a variety of essential oils, including citronellal, geranial, and neral. These oils are responsible for the herb's distinct lemon scent and contribute to its calming and mood-enhancing properties. Citronellal, in particular, has been shown to have sedative effects, which can help reduce anxiety and promote better sleep (Kennedy et al., 2003). The essential oils in lemon balm also possess antimicrobial properties, making them useful in topical applications for skin health.
4. Flavonoids: Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds that provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. In lemon balm, key flavonoids include quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin. These compounds help protect cells from oxidative damage and support overall health. Quercetin and luteolin, in particular, have been shown to modulate signaling pathways in the brain, potentially enhancing cognitive function and reducing inflammation.
5. Triterpenoids: Lemon balm contains triterpenoids such as ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. These compounds have been found to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Ursolic acid, in particular, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects, which may contribute to the cognitive benefits of lemon balm (Awad et al., 2009).
6. Tannins: Tannins are astringent compounds that can help reduce inflammation and protect against microbial infections. In lemon balm, tannins contribute to the herb's antimicrobial and antiviral properties, making it useful in topical applications for treating conditions like cold sores and minor skin irritations.

In summary, the efficacy of lemon balm can be attributed to a combination of its bioactive compounds, including rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, essential oils (citronellal, geranial, and neral), flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin), triterpenoids (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid), and tannins. These compounds work synergistically to provide the calming, cognitive-enhancing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects that make lemon balm a valuable herbal remedy.

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is known by several names and can be referred to in various contexts depending on its use and region. Here are some of the common names, abbreviations, and related terms associated with lemon balm, including its chemical compounds and ingredients:

1. Common Names:
   • Lemon Balm: The most widely used name, reflecting its lemony scent.
   • Melissa: Often used in scientific contexts, derived from the Greek word for "honeybee," as the plant is known to attract bees.
   • Common Balm
   • Sweet Balm
   • Honey Plant: Refers to its attractiveness to bees.
   • Bee Balm: Although this name is also used for plants in the Monarda genus, it is sometimes applied to lemon balm.
   • Heart's Delight: A historical name referencing its mood-lifting properties.
2. Misspellings and Abbreviations:
   • Lemonbalm: A common misspelling where the two words are combined.
   • Lemon-Balm: Another variant with a hyphen.
   • Melissa Officinalis: The full scientific name, often abbreviated to M. officinalis in scholarly articles.
3. Chemical Compounds and Ingredients:
   • Rosmarinic Acid: A key polyphenolic compound responsible for many of lemon balm's therapeutic effects, including its antioxidant and anti-anxiety properties.
   • Caffeic Acid: Another antioxidant compound found in lemon balm.
   • Essential Oils: Includes citronellal, geranial, and neral, which contribute to its calming and antimicrobial properties.
   • Flavonoids: Compounds such as quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin that provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.
   • Triterpenoids: Including ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, which have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
   • Tannins: Astringent compounds that help with antimicrobial actions.
4. Vernacular and Regional Names:
   • Herzkraut: A German name meaning "heart herb," often used to refer to its calming effects.
   • Citronelle: French name, reflecting its lemony scent.
   • Cedronella: A less common name that also highlights its lemony aroma.
5. Related Terms:
   • Calming Herb: Refers to its use in promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety.
   • Nervine: A term used in herbal medicine to describe herbs that support the nervous system.
   • Carminative: Refers to its use in relieving digestive issues such as bloating and gas.
   • Antioxidant Herb: Highlighting its role in neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress.

In summary, lemon balm is known by several names, including lemon balm, Melissa, common balm, sweet balm, and honey plant. It is associated with various chemical compounds like rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, essential oils (citronellal, geranial, and neral), flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin), triterpenoids (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid), and tannins. Additionally, it has regional and vernacular names that reflect its therapeutic uses and aromatic properties.

When selecting a lemon balm supplement, ensuring product quality is paramount to achieve the desired health benefits and avoid potential contaminants. Here are some key factors to consider when examining the label of a lemon balm supplement:

1. Standardization: Look for supplements that are standardized to contain specific amounts of active compounds, such as rosmarinic acid. Standardization ensures that each dose contains a consistent level of the active ingredients, which is crucial for efficacy. For example, a label might state "Standardized to contain 5% rosmarinic acid."
2. Ingredient List: Check the ingredient list for any unnecessary fillers, binders, or artificial additives. A high-quality supplement should have minimal additional ingredients, with a focus on the active herb. Ideally, the label should list only lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) extract or powder, along with any natural excipients used to create the capsule or tablet.
3. Source and Quality Certifications: Look for certifications that indicate the supplement's quality and sourcing practices. Certifications such as USDA Organic, Non-GMO Project Verified, and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) are indicators of a high-quality product. Organic certification ensures that the lemon balm was grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers, while GMP certification indicates that the supplement was manufactured in a facility that adheres to stringent quality control standards.
4. Third-Party Testing: Reputable brands often subject their products to third-party testing to verify purity, potency, and the absence of contaminants like heavy metals, pesticides, and microbial contaminants. Look for information on the label or the company’s website indicating that the product has been tested by an independent laboratory. Some labels may include a QR code or a batch number that you can use to access the test results.
5. Dosage and Serving Size: Ensure the label clearly states the dosage and serving size. This information is essential for determining how much of the supplement you need to take to achieve the desired effects. For example, the label might indicate, "Each capsule contains 500 mg of lemon balm extract," along with recommended serving sizes and frequency of use.
6. Form of Supplement: The label should specify the form of the lemon balm used in the supplement, such as extract, powder, or essential oil. If the product is an extract, it should indicate the extraction method and the ratio of herb to solvent. For instance, "50:1 extract" means that 50 parts of the herb were used to produce one part of the extract, signifying a concentrated product.
7. Potential Allergens and Warnings: Check for any allergen information and warnings related to the use of the supplement. This includes potential allergens like gluten, soy, or dairy, and any contraindications for specific populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with thyroid conditions, or those taking certain medications.
8. Manufacturer Information: The label should provide information about the manufacturer, including their name, address, and contact details. This transparency allows you to research the company’s reputation and quality control practices. Reputable manufacturers often provide detailed information about their sourcing, manufacturing processes, and quality assurance measures on their websites.

In summary, when choosing a lemon balm supplement, look for standardization to active compounds, a clean ingredient list, quality certifications, third-party testing, clear dosage and serving size information, the form of the supplement, potential allergens and warnings, and transparent manufacturer information. These factors will help ensure that you are selecting a high-quality product that is both effective and safe.

The information provided on this website, including any text, images, or other material contained within, is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. This page was created by the SuppCo editiorial team, with AI summarization tools, including data from but not limited to following studies:

1. K. Savage, J. Firth, C. Stough, J. Sarris (2018). GABA‐modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence. Phytotherapy Research, 32, 18 - 3. Link: 10.1002/ptr.5940
2. D. Kennedy, G. Wake, S. U. Savelev, Nicola T. J. Tildesley, E. Perry, K. Wesnes, A. Scholey (2003). Modulation of Mood and Cognitive Performance Following Acute Administration of Single Doses of Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm) with Human CNS Nicotinic and Muscarinic Receptor-Binding Properties. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 1871-1881. Link: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300230
3. A. Scholey, Amy Gibbs, Chris Neale, Naomi Perry, A. Ossoukhova, Vanessa Bilog, M. Kras, C. Scholz, M. Sass, S. Buchwald-Werner (2014). Anti-Stress Effects of Lemon Balm-Containing Foods. Nutrients, 6, 4805 - 4821. Link: 10.3390/nu6114805
4. D. Kennedy, Wendy Little, A. Scholey (2004). Attenuation of Laboratory-Induced Stress in Humans After Acute Administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm). Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 607-613. Link: 10.1097/01.psy.0000132877.72833.71
5. D. Kennedy, A. Scholey, Nicola T. J. Tildesley, E. Perry, K. Wesnes (2002). Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 72, 953-964. Link: 10.1016/S0091-3057(02)00777-3
6. Karen Watson, D. Hatcher, A. Good (2019). A randomised controlled trial of Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) and Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) essential oils for the treatment of agitated behaviour in older people with and without dementia.. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42,
   366-373 . Link: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.016
7. Javid Ghazizadeh, S. Sadigh-Eteghad, W. Marx, A. Fakhari, S. Hamedeyazdan, Mohammadali Torbati, Somaiyeh Taheri-Tarighi, Mostafa Araj-khodaei, M. Mirghafourvand (2021). The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on depression and anxiety in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Phytotherapy Research, 35, 6690 - 6705. Link: 10.1002/ptr.7252
8. N. Draginic, M. Andjic, J. Jeremić, V. Zivkovic, Aleksandar Kočović, M. Tomovic, B. Božin, N. Kladar, S. Bolevich, V. Jakovljevic, Isidora M. Milosavljevic (2022). Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Melissa officinalis Extracts: A Comparative Study. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR, 21, . Link: 10.5812/ijpr-126561
9. A. Scholey, Amy Gibbs, Chris Neale, Naomi Perry, A. Ossoukhova, Vanessa Bilog, M. Kras, M. Sass, C. Scholz, Sigrid Rochter, S. Buchwald-Werner (2015). Investigation of a Melissa officinalis special extract on Cognition II: Human study lemon balm extract administered in confectionary bars. Agro Food Industry Hi-tech, 26, 12. Link:
10. Rutuja R. Khatode, Pratiksha Deshmukh (2022). Review on Lemon Balm Herb and its Evaluation. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, , . Link: 10.48175/ijarsct-4882
11. Javid Ghazizadeh, S. Sadigh-Eteghad, W. Marx, A. Fakhari, S. Hamedeyazdan, Mohammadali Torbati, Somaiyeh Taheri-Tarighi, Mostafa Araj-khodaei, M. Mirghafourvand (2021). The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on depression and anxiety in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Phytotherapy Research, 35, 6690 - 6705. Link: 10.1002/ptr.7252
12. A. Scholey, Amy Gibbs, Chris Neale, Naomi Perry, A. Ossoukhova, Vanessa Bilog, M. Kras, C. Scholz, M. Sass, S. Buchwald-Werner (2014). Anti-Stress Effects of Lemon Balm-Containing Foods. Nutrients, 6, 4805 - 4821. Link: 10.3390/nu6114805
13. S. Taavoni, N. Ekbatani, H. Haghani (2013). Valerian/lemon balm use for sleep disorders during menopause.. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 19 4,
    193-6 . Link: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.07.002
14. D. Kennedy, Wendy Little, A. Scholey (2004). Attenuation of Laboratory-Induced Stress in Humans After Acute Administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm). Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 607-613. Link: 10.1097/01.psy.0000132877.72833.71
15. S. Taavoni, N. Ekbatani, H. Haghani (2015). Effect of Valerian and Lemon Balm Combined Capsules, On Postmenopausal Sleep Disorder, a Triple Blind Randomized Placebo Control Clinical Trial. European Psychiatry, 30, 1 - 1. Link: 10.1016/S0924-9338(15)31376-6
16. M. Mirghafourvand, J. Malakouti, Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, A. F. Khalili, Solmaz Ghanbari Homayi (2016). The efficacy of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) alone and combined with lemon balm—Nepeta menthoides on premenstrual syndrome and quality of life among students: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 6, 142-148. Link: 10.1016/J.HERMED.2016.07.001
17. P. Mirabi, S. Alamolhoda, Mansooreh Yazdkhasti, F. Mojab (2018). The Effects of Lemon balm on Menstrual Bleeding and the Systemic Manifestation of Dysmenorrhea. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR, 17, 214 - 223. Link: 10.22037/IJPR.2018.2382
18. M. Mirghafourvand, J. Malakouti, Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, A. Farshbaf‐Khalili, Solmaz Ghanbari-Homayi (2016). The Effects of Lemon balm ( Melissa officinalis L.) Alone and in Combination With Nepeta menthoides on the Menstrual Bleeding in Students With Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18, 0-0. Link: 10.5812/IRCMJ.28941
19. K. O. Shnaider, M. Maksimov, V. Baranova (2022). The effect of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on anxiety and depression. Farmacevticheskoe delo i tehnologija lekarstv (Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology), , . Link: 10.33920/med-13-2210-01
20. Karen Watson, D. Hatcher, A. Good (2019). A randomised controlled trial of Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) and Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) essential oils for the treatment of agitated behaviour in older people with and without dementia.. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42,
    366-373 . Link: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.016
21. Karen Watson, D. Hatcher, A. Good (2019). A randomised controlled trial of Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) and Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) essential oils for the treatment of agitated behaviour in older people with and without dementia.. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42,
    366-373 . Link: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.016
22. D. Kennedy, A. Scholey, Nicola T. J. Tildesley, E. Perry, K. Wesnes (2002). Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 72, 953-964. Link: 10.1016/S0091-3057(02)00777-3
23. D. Kennedy, Wendy Little, A. Scholey (2004). Attenuation of Laboratory-Induced Stress in Humans After Acute Administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm). Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 607-613. Link: 10.1097/01.psy.0000132877.72833.71
24. N. Shinjyo, Julia Green (2017). Are sage, rosemary and lemon balm effective interventions in dementia? A narrative review of the clinical evidence. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 15, 83-96. Link: 10.1016/J.EUJIM.2017.08.013
25. D. Kennedy, G. Wake, S. U. Savelev, Nicola T. J. Tildesley, E. Perry, K. Wesnes, A. Scholey (2003). Modulation of Mood and Cognitive Performance Following Acute Administration of Single Doses of Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm) with Human CNS Nicotinic and Muscarinic Receptor-Binding Properties. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 1871-1881. Link: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300230
26. Javid Ghazizadeh, S. Sadigh-Eteghad, W. Marx, A. Fakhari, S. Hamedeyazdan, Mohammadali Torbati, Somaiyeh Taheri-Tarighi, Mostafa Araj-khodaei, M. Mirghafourvand (2021). The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on depression and anxiety in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Phytotherapy Research, 35, 6690 - 6705. Link: 10.1002/ptr.7252
27. A. Scholey, Amy Gibbs, Chris Neale, Naomi Perry, A. Ossoukhova, Vanessa Bilog, M. Kras, C. Scholz, M. Sass, S. Buchwald-Werner (2014). Anti-Stress Effects of Lemon Balm-Containing Foods. Nutrients, 6, 4805 - 4821. Link: 10.3390/nu6114805
28. J. Gromball, F. Beschorner, Christian Wantzen, Ute Paulsen, M. Burkart (2014). Hyperactivity, concentration difficulties and impulsiveness improve during seven weeks' treatment with valerian root and lemon balm extracts in primary school children.. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 21 8-9,
    1098-103 . Link: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.004
29. R. Awad, A. Muhammad, T. Durst, V. Trudeau, J. Arnason (2009). Bioassay‐guided fractionation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) using an in vitro measure of GABA transaminase activity. Phytotherapy Research, 23, . Link: 10.1002/ptr.2712
30. S. Taavoni, N. Ekbatani, H. Haghani (2013). Valerian/lemon balm use for sleep disorders during menopause.. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 19 4,
    193-6 . Link: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.07.002
31. Maša Kenda, N. Kočevar Glavač, M. Nagy, M. Sollner Dolenc (2022). Medicinal Plants Used for Anxiety, Depression, or Stress Treatment: An Update. Molecules, 27, . Link: 10.3390/molecules27186021
32. Javid Ghazizadeh, S. Sadigh-Eteghad, W. Marx, A. Fakhari, S. Hamedeyazdan, Mohammadali Torbati, Somaiyeh Taheri-Tarighi, Mostafa Araj-khodaei, M. Mirghafourvand (2021). The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on depression and anxiety in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Phytotherapy Research, 35, 6690 - 6705. Link: 10.1002/ptr.7252
33. N. Stojanović, Pavle J. Randjelović, M. Mladenović, N. Stojiljković, S. Ilić, G. Nikolić, N. Radulović (2018). Evidences for lemon-balm essential oil suppression of anxiety-related behavior in animal and in vitro models. Facta Universitatis - Series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, 16, 44. Link:
34. K. O. Shnaider, M. Maksimov, V. Baranova (2022). The effect of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on anxiety and depression. Farmacevticheskoe delo i tehnologija lekarstv (Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology), , . Link: 10.33920/med-13-2210-01
35. K. Savage, J. Firth, C. Stough, J. Sarris (2018). GABA‐modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence. Phytotherapy Research, 32, 18 - 3. Link: 10.1002/ptr.5940
36. Rutuja R. Khatode, Pratiksha Deshmukh (2022). Review on Lemon Balm Herb and its Evaluation. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, , . Link: 10.48175/ijarsct-4882
37. Lutfian Lutfian, Ayunda Puteri Rizanti, Ilany Nandia Chandra (2022). Efektivitas Aromatherapy Lemon Balm dan Terapi Musik untuk Mengatasi Ansietas Pasien COVID-19. Jurnal Berita Ilmu Keperawatan, , . Link: 10.23917/bik.v15i1.15835
38. Karen Watson, D. Hatcher, A. Good (2019). A randomised controlled trial of Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) and Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) essential oils for the treatment of agitated behaviour in older people with and without dementia.. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42,
    366-373 . Link: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.016
39. R. Awad, A. Muhammad, T. Durst, V. Trudeau, J. Arnason (2009). Bioassay‐guided fractionation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) using an in vitro measure of GABA transaminase activity. Phytotherapy Research, 23, . Link: 10.1002/ptr.2712
40. Harshdeep Srivastava, K. K. Maheshwari (2023). MELISSA OFFICINALIS – AN OVERVIEW AND ITS PROPERTIES AS AN ANXIOLYTIC. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, , . Link: 10.47760/ijpsm.2023.v08i03.003
41. D. Kennedy, G. Wake, S. U. Savelev, Nicola T. J. Tildesley, E. Perry, K. Wesnes, A. Scholey (2003). Modulation of Mood and Cognitive Performance Following Acute Administration of Single Doses of Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm) with Human CNS Nicotinic and Muscarinic Receptor-Binding Properties. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 1871-1881. Link: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300230
42. D. Kennedy, A. Scholey, Nicola T. J. Tildesley, E. Perry, K. Wesnes (2002). Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 72, 953-964. Link: 10.1016/S0091-3057(02)00777-3
43. M. Ożarowski, P. Mikołajczak, A. Piasecka, P. Kachlicki, Radosław Kujawski, A. Bogacz, J. Bartkowiak-Wieczorek, M. Szulc, E. Kamińska, M. Kujawska, J. Jodynis-Liebert, A. Gryszczyńska, B. Opala, Z. Lowicki, A. Seremak-Mrozikiewicz, B. Czerny (2016). Influence of the Melissa officinalis Leaf Extract on Long-Term Memory in Scopolamine Animal Model with Assessment of Mechanism of Action. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2016, . Link: 10.1155/2016/9729818
44. Eudes Filho João, Silveira Dâmaris, C. Aluízio, Pirani Carneiro Fabiana, Sousa de Assis Melissa, Batista Leite Franco, Paulino Niraldo, Maria Souza Greice, Valero da Silva Mônica, M. Stéphanie, A. Karla, Targino de Melo Nadyelle, Moraes Ferreira Vania (2017). Effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) on behavioral deficits and memory impairment of rats surviving sepsis. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 11, 153-160. Link: 10.5897/JMPR2016.6266
45. N. Shinjyo, Julia Green (2017). Are sage, rosemary and lemon balm effective interventions in dementia? A narrative review of the clinical evidence. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 15, 83-96. Link: 10.1016/J.EUJIM.2017.08.013
46. A. Scholey, Amy Gibbs, Chris Neale, Naomi Perry, A. Ossoukhova, Vanessa Bilog, M. Kras, C. Scholz, M. Sass, S. Buchwald-Werner (2014). Anti-Stress Effects of Lemon Balm-Containing Foods. Nutrients, 6, 4805 - 4821. Link: 10.3390/nu6114805
47. Zahra Dehbani, A. Komaki, F. Etaee, S. Shahidi, Masoumeh Taheri, Somayeh Komaki, Nafiseh Faraji (2019). Effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis on passive avoidance learning and memory. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, , . Link: 10.15171/JHP.2019.19
48. Karen Watson, D. Hatcher, A. Good (2019). A randomised controlled trial of Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) and Lemon Balm (Melissa Officinalis) essential oils for the treatment of agitated behaviour in older people with and without dementia.. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42,
    366-373 . Link: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.016
49. A. Scholey, Amy Gibbs, Chris Neale, Naomi Perry, A. Ossoukhova, Vanessa Bilog, M. Kras, M. Sass, C. Scholz, Sigrid Rochter, S. Buchwald-Werner (2015). Investigation of a Melissa officinalis special extract on Cognition II: Human study lemon balm extract administered in confectionary bars. Agro Food Industry Hi-tech, 26, 12. Link:
50. Phil Rasmussen (2011). Potion or Poison? Lemon balm. Journal of primary health care, 3, 165-166. Link: 10.1071/HC11165